What is the origin of the ritual of Ashura? (part 10)

Some elements from the Qizilbash group was discussed (footnote is pointing to this book)

The Qizilbash observed ecstatic rituals of dhikr and maintained a spirit and an organizational form similar to that of a fraternity. While Shi'i elements were predominant, Christian elements also played an important role in the Qizilbash doctrine. This was probably the result of the conversion of Armenians to Shi'i Islam by the Safavid shaykhs, as well as the presence of other Christian sects in eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus where the Qizilbash had originated.

Author quoted another lengthy narration of the Muharram rituals among the poorest segments of the Azerbaijan population (footnote is to the work by Ivar Lassy)

During Muharram they would gather in special halls, takkas (derived from takiya, a monastery of a sufi order). Using chain-scourges, and chanting scourge-elegies that emphasized the shedding of Husayn's blood, they scourged themselves rhythmically at a pace and vigor that accelerated like a dhikr. The self-scourging would cease only after the participants had collapsed.

The procession of the tenth of Muharram included another, more violent, form of flagellation. A group of self-mutilators dressed in white robes would stroke their clean-shaven heads with swords and daggers. The gashing of the heads took place amidst loud exclamations and the stimulating shouts of their leader. The extreme excitement of the self-mutilators was assisted by drummers and cymbalists who ran up and down between the rows of the self-mutilators, creating a deafening din with their instruments.

Please continue reading part 11.