What is the origin of the ritual of Ashura? (part 12)

This is perhaps the final part of the following paper

Summary:
There is not a single format for commemorating the Ashura in ritualistic aspect because it differs significantly from one place to another (various examples were given of rituals practices in the Arab communities of Iraq and Lebanon, the Persian community in Iran, Ashura observance among the Turkish and Indian Shia).

You are also able to draw the following three conclusions about the origin of the main Ashura rituals

• The oldest Ashura rituals are the memorial services and the visitation of Husayn's tomb (because these were established in the earliest days of Shi'ism).
• The public procession and the Ashura play (dramatization of the events at Karbala on Ashura) appeared in the time of Buyid and Safawid
• The introduction of the ritual of flagellation by Turkoman tribes and Christian Armenians reflected the input of Shi'i converts, demonstrating the influence of Christian practices on Shi'ism (Note: taken verbatim)